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Scottish English refers to the varieties of English spoken in Scotland. The main, formal variety is called Scottish Standard English or Standard Scottish English (SSE).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=SCOTS - Corpus Details )〕〔("… Scottish Standard English, the standard form of the English language spoken in Scotland" ), Ordnance Survey〕〔Although there is some debate about the usefulness of the word ''standard'' here, most academics agree on the use of the abbreviation SSE in order to distinguish the variety from the geographically English Standard English, which is normally abbreviated to SE.〕 Scottish Standard English may be defined as "the characteristic speech of the professional class (Scotland ) and the accepted norm in schools".〔McClure (1994), pp. 79-80〕 IETF language tag for "Scottish Standard English" is en-scotland.〔http://www.iana.org/assignments/language-subtag-registry/language-subtag-registry〕 In addition to distinct pronunciation, grammar and expressions, Scottish English has distinctive vocabulary, particularly pertaining to Scottish institutions such as the Church of Scotland, local government and the education and legal systems. Scottish Standard English is at one end of a bipolar linguistic continuum, with focused broad Scots at the other.〔Stuart-Smith J. ''Scottish English: Phonology'' in Varieties of English: The British Isles, Kortman & Upton (Eds), Mouton de Gruyter, New York 2008. p.47〕 Scottish English may be influenced to varying degrees by Scots.〔Stuart-Smith J. ''Scottish English: Phonology'' in Varieties of English: The British Isles, Kortman & Upton (Eds), Mouton de Gruyter, New York 2008. p.48〕〔Macafee C. ''Scots'' in Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, Vol. 11, Elsevier, Oxford, 2005. p.33〕 Many Scots speakers separate Scots and Scottish English as different registers depending on social circumstances.〔Aitken A.J. ''Scottish Speech'' in Languages of Scotland, Association for Scottish Literary Studies, Occasional Paper 4, Edinburgh:Chambers 1979. p.85〕 Some speakers code switch clearly from one to the other while others style shift in a less predictable and more fluctuating manner.〔 Generally there is a shift to Scottish English in formal situations or with individuals of a higher social status.〔Aitken A.J. ''Scottish Speech'' in Languages of Scotland, Association for Scottish Literary Studies, Occasional Paper 4, Edinburgh:Chambers 1979. p.86〕 ==Background== Scottish English results from language contact between Scots and the Standard English of England after the 17th century. The resulting shifts to English usage by Scots-speakers resulted in many phonological compromises and lexical transfers, often mistaken for mergers by linguists unfamiliar with the history of Scottish English.〔Macafee, C. (2004). "Scots and Scottish English." in Hikey R.(ed.),. Legacies of Colonial English: Studies in Transported Dialects. Cambridge: CUP. p. 60-61〕 Furthermore, the process was also influenced by interdialectal forms, hypercorrections and spelling pronunciations.〔Macafee, C. (2004). "Scots and Scottish English.". in In Hikey R.(ed.),. Legacies of Colonial English: Studies in Transported Dialects. Cambridge: CUP. p.61〕 (See the section on phonology below.) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Scottish English」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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